Exhaust spreader for locomotive engines



March 18, 1924. 1,481,594

J. V. PAUL ET AL EXHAUST SPREADER'FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Filed Sept. 15. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l March 18 1924. E 1,487,594

J. V. PAUL ET AL EXHAUST SPREADER FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Filed Sept. 13, 1922 -2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ill II 220 mm m Jvuavrmrs.

Patented Mar. 18, 1924.

JOHN VINCENT PAUL, 0F VERDUN, QUEBEC, AND CHARLES ALAN BRAE, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA.

PATENT OFFICE- NORTON, or SUN Y EXHAUST SPREADER FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES.

Application filed September 13, 1922.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, J OHN VINCENT PAUL, a citizen of the United States, residing at 579A La Salle Road, Verdun, in the Providence of Quebec, Dominion of Canada, and CHARLES ALAN NORTON, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing in the town of Sunny Brae, in the county of WVestmore land, in the Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Exhaust Spreaders for Locomotive Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in exhaust Spreaders for locomotive engines, and the objects of the invention are to effect a reduction in back pressure in the cylinders of the same which will result in an increased efiiciency ofthe engine enabling it to haul greater tonnage without any increase in boiler power, or to handle the same tonnage with marked reduction in fuel used, or a combination of these.

Further objects are to provide such a device as may be readily applied to the present locomotive front end arrangement and the present design of cylinders etc.

More particular objects of the invention are to increase the rubbing surface between the jet of exhaust steam and the stack gases.

Further objects still are generally to improve and simplify the construction ofthe device to better adapt it to perform the functions required of it, and the invention consists essentially of the .improved construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described in detail in the accompanying specification and drawings.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the exhaust pipe and spreader and a portion of the stack extension for a locomotive.

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the spreader turned at right angles to Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 2.

In the drawings, like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the exhaust pipe, B the stack extension and C the spreader. The exhaust pipe A is constructed of any suitable material such as cast iron or steel and is of inverted frustro coni- Serial No. 588,018.

cal shape having a base flange 10 formed with bolt holes 11 by which it may be secured in position, as shown on the cylinder saddle, the exhaust pipe being as usual pro- .vided with a central transverse bridge wall 12. The sides of the exhaust pipe may be straight or tapered, circular, square or of any other shape which will conform to and end in the top opening which opening may be made circular, square, oval, elliptical or any other shape that may be found most convenient. A short distance from the top,

. the exhaust pipe projects through and is sematerial such as cast iron or steel and is designed to spread the exhaust jet from the centre outwardly, to which end it is constructed of inverted connoidal shape having a plurality of ports or passages 15 for the exhaust steam. In Figures 1 to 3, a plurality of openings-15 are provided extending radially. By the formation of the exhaust openingin the plurality of ports 15, as in Figures 1 to 3, the perimeter or rubbing sur face of the jet is still further increased. The

spreader should be of such depth as to ex-f tend close to the centrebridge wall 12 or it may be of lesser depth as conditions warrant and experience proves most satisfactory, but

the depth should be such as to give as little interference or obstruction to the exhaust jet as is possible so that the jet as it comes from the cavities in the cylindersaddle may meet with as little interference or obstruc tion as possible, and be gradually and uniformly spread until it passes through the ports 15.

It will be observed that between the ports 15 thereareblank areas 17 on the head of the spreader through which no steam will pass and which provide a means whereby the front end gases may circulate around the exhaust jets as they issue from the ports 15.

The number and size of the ports 15 and areas 17 should be so arranged that. the

spaces between the exhaust jets may be as large as possible and such that will prevent as far as possible the tendency of the jets to close together before a reasonable distance has been covered, a condition which, if permitted, would reduce the area of therubbing surface.

The spreader C may be supported in position in any convenientvway. Inthe form shown in Figures 1 to 3 the spreader is pro- Vided with lateral lugslS which fit over corresponding lugs 19 on the exhaust pipe A and the lugs are secured together 'by'suitabl'e bolts 20. i

It will be seen that the openings 15 extend substantially axially and 'opening' against the'connoidal surface of the spreaderwill offer a minimum resistance to the passage 'of'the exhaust steam. This connoidal sur face is preferably concave slightly 'i' cross section as indicated in Figure 1.

The stack extension B is of usual form and constructed of cast iron or steel exti'iding downwardlyfromthe stack to a point on a line with or slightly above the top of the exhaust pipe A, the bottom portion being belled' out to make the diameter at the inouth from six to ten inches or thereabouts larger than that of the diameter of the exhaust pipe A, whereby ample space will be provided for the front endgases tocirculate around and become entrained with the exhaust jet as it issues from the pipe A;

The stack pro-per should be of such size that the jet completely fills the stack before it reaches the top. v

It will be seen that in the invention the perimeter of the exhaustjet will be inaterially increased and as it is universally conceded that it is the frictional contact on the jet of the front end gases thatcreates a vacuum in the front end which in turn causes the draft thro ugh'the fire,[it follows that the increase efiected inthe area of the rubbing surface will tend to j increase the vacuum and thereby increase the draft. It will also be seen that bybreaki'ng up the exhaust jet from the centre advantage is taken of the volume of steam at'the centre of the jet that is doing no useful workand instead of merely forming it to escape to the atmosphere, it is expanded and caused to be efiective' in moving the stack or front end gases. It may also be observed that the ve- U locity of the jet at the centre which is' 'thu's taken advantage of is from two to three t1m.es the velocity at the outer surface." The increase in area of the exhaust jet will result in a reduction of back pressure in theeylmders with a corresponding increase in power to the locomotive. It further follows that this increase in draft will further combustion andcause more oxygen to be drawn into the fire box together with the increase in draft and reduction of back pressure or the combination of both will cause a more economical operation of the locomotive, thereby effecting'a marked saving offuel besides increase of power.

As many changes could be made in the above constructionand inany widely differof the spreader being concave incross sec-- tion, the spreader being formed with a plurality o-f radiating ports, each'port increasing in width from the centre outwardly, a pair of ears on the exhaust pipe, and lugs on the spreader engaging the ears.

2. An exhaust steam spreader for locomotive engines, comprising exhaust pipe having a base flange and an outwardly projecting flange a distance'therefrom, and to 1 which the draft plates of the locomotive maybe secured, abridge wall, a conical spreading member extending from above the bridge having its peripheral edge fitting snugly against the wall of the exhaust pipe," the conical surface of the spreader being concave in cross section, the spreader being formed with a plurality of radiating ports, each port increasing in width from the cen-' tre outwardly, a pair of ears on the exhaust pipe, lugs on the spreader engaging the'ears,

and" fastening means engaging the ears and lugs. i

In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presenceof witnesses.

JOHN VINCENT PAUL. CHARLES ALAN nonrea- WVitneSse-S for John Vincent Paul: S. LOVELOCK, W. SMITH. WVitnesses for Charles Alan Norton: HARRY T. REILLY,

Annie ALwAan. 

